INTEGRATION AS AN OUTCOME
Defining integration as an outcome means that one describes integration as something static, whereby a situation of integration is achieved only when certain predefined criteria are fulfilled. Integration is thus seen as a property of a system, which characterizes the structure or a particular conjuncture. Scholars define the criteria of what they believe constitutes integration, and then examine whether case studies match their standards. For instance, if we consider the formation of the EU as a process of institutionalisation, we could examine how "integrated" the EU is at a certain point in time, thus study the degree and type of integration as a characteristic of the EU.
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